Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower

Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

jab-i-JabbarAbdullah 50_IHMS

jab-i-JabbarAbdullah 50_IHMS

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Aerial view of war damage in ancient city of Aleppo by drone

Fig.01_Drone photograph showing damage in Aleppo

Rakhla: The City of Wine and Poetry in the Memory of its daughters

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch

The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch

Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs

Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

House with mud decoration as door framing in the village of Qalʿat Najm, that was flooded by the Tishrin dam

House with mud decoration as door framing in the village of Qalʿat Najm, that was flooded by the Tishrin dam

Palmyra, view from afar of Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan (castle)

Palmyra, view from afar of Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan (castle)

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a2_Close-up view of ornamental medallion/ window

General view of al-Utrush mosque, Aleppo, Syria

General view image

Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas

Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas

Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel

Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance

Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development

Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-1a_collapse mechanism, overturning of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3a_collapse mechanism, cracks in the plane of the facade

Digital documentation, orthophoto of façade section, minaret, Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Fig.15-b_Minarett-Umayyad-Aleppo_fig_10

Damage pattern, rising dump at brickwork with stones, Marrakech, Morocco

Fig. 27, Catalogue of Damage